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The populist radical right and its influence on the US presidential elections in 2012, 2016, and 2020
Šusta, Filip ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Solik, Martin (referee)
This thesis examines voting behaviour in the United States presidential election between 2012 and 2020, focusing mainly on how the populist radical right influenced the results. It therefore compares the results of the 2012 election, when Mitt Romney, who is considered a traditional Republican, ran for president, with those of the 2016 and 2020 elections, when Donald Trump, a representative of the populist radical right, applied for office. The thesis draws on the concepts of national nostalgia, cleavage theory and describes the characteristics of American nativism. Through a two-level binary logistic regression, influence variables are assessed at the individual and contextual levels, which are taken to be the US states. The results reveal a very important influence of the attitudes to unauthorized migration on support for Donald Trump in particular. It was also found that American society has become significantly radicalised during Trump's presidency. The demographic characteristics of the electorate were projected onto attitudinal questions about immigration, and these in turn conditioned their affection for Donald Trump. Through the models, it was also possible to confirm that his support corresponded to the general support of the populist radical right. Key words: cleavage theory; national...
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Politico-geographical analysis of position of the Islamist parties in Egypt and Tunisia
Jelínek, Antonín ; Jelen, Libor (advisor) ; Černý, Karel (referee)
The Islamist movements operate in all the countries of the Middle East and North Africa region. The mother organization, which is also best-known among the movements, is the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, whose ideas spread quickly into other countries in the region. Although the Islamist movements are ideologically different, they have one similar attribute - focus on various social issues as well as the fact that they originally profiled as charity organizations and they have only recently entered the political scene. The main goal of this diploma thesis is to analyze and compare the activities and achievements of the Muslim Brotherhood (The Freedom and Justice party) and The Movement of Islamic Tendency (The Ennadhda party) within the political systems in Egypt and Tunisia. The thesis also aims at verifying explanatory cleavage of Islamist electorate based on the cleavage theory within Egypt and Tunisia. The biggest success of the Islamist movements so far meant the changes after the Arab Spring. Following this event the Islamist movements won the first free parliamentary election in both countries. However, the political activities of the Muslim Brotherhood did not last so long in Egypt - nowadays the movement exists only illegally and it has been in a difficult position. On the contrary, the...
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